/** * This file represents an example of the code that themes would use to register * the required plugins. * * It is expected that theme authors would copy and paste this code into their * functions.php file, and amend to suit. * * @package TGM-Plugin-Activation * @subpackage Example * @version 2.3.6 * @author Thomas Griffin * @author Gary Jones * @copyright Copyright (c) 2012, Thomas Griffin * @license http://opensource.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.php GPL v2 or later * @link https://github.com/thomasgriffin/TGM-Plugin-Activation */ /** * Include the TGM_Plugin_Activation class. */ require_once dirname( __FILE__ ) . '/class-tgm-plugin-activation.php'; add_action( 'tgmpa_register', 'my_theme_register_required_plugins' ); /** * Register the required plugins for this theme. * * In this example, we register two plugins - one included with the TGMPA library * and one from the .org repo. * * The variable passed to tgmpa_register_plugins() should be an array of plugin * arrays. * * This function is hooked into tgmpa_init, which is fired within the * TGM_Plugin_Activation class constructor. */ function my_theme_register_required_plugins() { /** * Array of plugin arrays. Required keys are name and slug. * If the source is NOT from the .org repo, then source is also required. */ $plugins = array( // This is an example of how to include a plugin pre-packaged with a theme array( 'name' => 'Contact Form 7', // The plugin name 'slug' => 'contact-form-7', // The plugin slug (typically the folder name) 'source' => get_stylesheet_directory() . '/includes/plugins/contact-form-7.zip', // The plugin source 'required' => true, // If false, the plugin is only 'recommended' instead of required 'version' => '', // E.g. 1.0.0. If set, the active plugin must be this version or higher, otherwise a notice is presented 'force_activation' => false, // If true, plugin is activated upon theme activation and cannot be deactivated until theme switch 'force_deactivation' => false, // If true, plugin is deactivated upon theme switch, useful for theme-specific plugins 'external_url' => '', // If set, overrides default API URL and points to an external URL ), array( 'name' => 'Cherry Plugin', // The plugin name. 'slug' => 'cherry-plugin', // The plugin slug (typically the folder name). 'source' => PARENT_DIR . '/includes/plugins/cherry-plugin.zip', // The plugin source. 'required' => true, // If false, the plugin is only 'recommended' instead of required. 'version' => '1.1', // E.g. 1.0.0. If set, the active plugin must be this version or higher, otherwise a notice is presented. 'force_activation' => true, // If true, plugin is activated upon theme activation and cannot be deactivated until theme switch. 'force_deactivation' => false, // If true, plugin is deactivated upon theme switch, useful for theme-specific plugins. 'external_url' => '', // If set, overrides default API URL and points to an external URL. ) ); /** * Array of configuration settings. Amend each line as needed. * If you want the default strings to be available under your own theme domain, * leave the strings uncommented. * Some of the strings are added into a sprintf, so see the comments at the * end of each line for what each argument will be. */ $config = array( 'domain' => CURRENT_THEME, // Text domain - likely want to be the same as your theme. 'default_path' => '', // Default absolute path to pre-packaged plugins 'parent_menu_slug' => 'themes.php', // Default parent menu slug 'parent_url_slug' => 'themes.php', // Default parent URL slug 'menu' => 'install-required-plugins', // Menu slug 'has_notices' => true, // Show admin notices or not 'is_automatic' => true, // Automatically activate plugins after installation or not 'message' => '', // Message to output right before the plugins table 'strings' => array( 'page_title' => theme_locals("page_title"), 'menu_title' => theme_locals("menu_title"), 'installing' => theme_locals("installing"), // %1$s = plugin name 'oops' => theme_locals("oops_2"), 'notice_can_install_required' => _n_noop( theme_locals("notice_can_install_required"), theme_locals("notice_can_install_required_2") ), // %1$s = plugin name(s) 'notice_can_install_recommended' => _n_noop( theme_locals("notice_can_install_recommended"), theme_locals("notice_can_install_recommended_2") ), // %1$s = plugin name(s) 'notice_cannot_install' => _n_noop( theme_locals("notice_cannot_install"), theme_locals("notice_cannot_install_2") ), // %1$s = plugin name(s) 'notice_can_activate_required' => _n_noop( theme_locals("notice_can_activate_required"), theme_locals("notice_can_activate_required_2") ), // %1$s = plugin name(s) 'notice_can_activate_recommended' => _n_noop( theme_locals("notice_can_activate_recommended"), theme_locals("notice_can_activate_recommended_2") ), // %1$s = plugin name(s) 'notice_cannot_activate' => _n_noop( theme_locals("notice_cannot_activate"), theme_locals("notice_cannot_activate_2") ), // %1$s = plugin name(s) 'notice_ask_to_update' => _n_noop( theme_locals("notice_ask_to_update"), theme_locals("notice_ask_to_update_2") ), // %1$s = plugin name(s) 'notice_cannot_update' => _n_noop( theme_locals("notice_cannot_update"), theme_locals("notice_cannot_update_2") ), // %1$s = plugin name(s) 'install_link' => _n_noop( theme_locals("install_link"), theme_locals("install_link_2") ), 'activate_link' => _n_noop( theme_locals("activate_link"), theme_locals("activate_link_2") ), 'return' => theme_locals("return"), 'plugin_activated' => theme_locals("plugin_activated"), 'complete' => theme_locals("complete"), // %1$s = dashboard link 'nag_type' => theme_locals("updated") // Determines admin notice type - can only be 'updated' or 'error' ) ); tgmpa( $plugins, $config ); } real mail order bride website – Eliot Zigmund http://eliotzigmundjazz.com Veteran Jazz Drummer Fri, 15 May 2026 03:32:41 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=5.0.22 Aortopexy means lifting anteriorly the aorta and suturing it to the posterior surface of the sternum http://eliotzigmundjazz.com/2025/03/26/aortopexy-means-lifting-anteriorly-the-aorta-and/ http://eliotzigmundjazz.com/2025/03/26/aortopexy-means-lifting-anteriorly-the-aorta-and/#respond Wed, 26 Mar 2025 04:52:22 +0000 http://eliotzigmundjazz.com/?p=35461 Continue Reading]]> Aortopexy means lifting anteriorly the aorta and suturing it to the posterior surface of the sternum

The aim of this paper is to evaluate and discuss the literature relating to indications, surgical details and clinical results of aortopexy, usually performed for tracheomalacia (TM).

TM is a localized or generalized weakness of the tracheal wall which creates airway obstruction resulting in different degrees of symptoms. It can be isolated or associated with other anomalies such as anterior vascular compression, oesophageal atresia (OA) with tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TOF) or gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR). Although, in some cases, spontaneous improvement can occur, TM can also result in severe cough, respiratory distress episodes or near-death spells (acute life-threatening events, ALTE). Amongst several possible beautiful Voronezh women treatments, including tracheostomy and non invasive ventilation, airway stenting, and surgical approaches, aortopexy is a favoured option in many centres. As the anterior tracheal wall is attached through pre-tracheal fascia to the posterior aortic wall, the tracheal lumen is opened by aortopexy.

Despite this popularity, there is a surprising lack of evidence to support aortopexy as effective treatment for TM, and no randomized controlled trials have been published on this subject. Most papers report only small, single centre series.

Moreover, the term aortopexy' is rather generic and may describe many different approaches and different techniques. The approach to the aorta can be anterior, through a median full or limited sternotomy, possibly associated with cervical incision, lateral or anterolateral, from both sides of the thorax. More recently, thoracoscopic aortopexy has been described.

Materials and methods

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A literature review was conducted on PubMed, using the search term Aortopexy without setting any temporal or other limits. Inclusion criteria for the review were papers written in English reporting more than one case of aortopexy. The references articles of the selected papers were screened and included if they met the inclusion criteria.

A total of 125 papers were identified, but only 40 papers met the inclusion criteria and thus form the subject of our review. The articles were classified according to the revised SIGN grading system, available on The following data have been retrieved from every paper included: demographics (number, sex and age of the patients), causes of TM, clinical data (symptoms, co-morbidities), diagnostic investigations, type of treatment (approach to aortopexy, other surgical procedures), outcome (complications, resolution of symptoms and length of follow up).

Results

Table 1 shows the list of the papers evaluated and the summary of the data retrieved. We analyzed 40 articles. Of these, 14 reported less than 10 patients, 13 papers between 10 and 20 patients and only 16 articles more than 20 patients.

A total of 758 patients (62% males) were affected with TM; 581 of them underwent aortopexy at a mean age of 10.5 months between 1968 and 2008. TM was associated with OA in 44% of patients; in 18% vascular rings or other anomalies of the heart or great vessels was reported; and in 16% there was right innominate artery compression. In 9% the TM was classified as idiopathic. The most frequent symptom was one or more episodes of ALTE (43%), followed by stridor (26%), recurrent pneumonias (21%), respiratory distress (14%), cough and/or wheezing (8%), dysphagia (4%) or impossibility to wean from mechanical ventilation (3.5%). In a population of patients with TM and innominate artery compression, the presenting symptom varied according to age, as small infants presented more frequently with ALTE or apnoeic episodes and older children with cough episodes. Among pre-operative investigations, bronchoscopy was performed in 98% of cases.

The surgical approach was mainly via thoracotomy; left anterior in 72% of cases, right anterior in 9% and muscle sparing in 2%. A median approach (partial or full sternotomy) was electively chosen in 15%. This solution was also adopted instead of another approach if another cardiovascular procedure had to be performed at the same time. In the largest series published, left thoracotomy and median sternotomy were compared and no differences have been found in terms of efficacy of the aortopexy. In 1% of patients a thoracoscopic aortopexy was performed. Intra-operative bronchoscopy was performed in 37% of cases to evaluate the resolution of the tracheal collapse during the maneuver, but the majority of the surgeons (58%) do not describe it as necessary. One of them reported using intra-operative bronchoscopy during their initial experience but discarded it later on.

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